Lecture Notes Of Class 19 - CSS Transitions
Objective: Learn
to animate CSS properties using transitions for dynamic and interactive web
pages.
1.
Introduction to CSS Transitions
CSS Transitions allow you to make
changes to CSS properties over a defined period, creating a smooth animation
effect instead of an instant change. They are especially useful for hover
effects, button interactions, or any element state changes.
2. Key
Properties of CSS Transitions
2.1 transition
Property
The transition shorthand property
specifies which CSS properties to animate, the duration, timing function, and
delay.
Syntax:
css
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transition:
property duration timing-function delay;
Components:
- property:
The CSS property to animate (e.g., background-color, width).
- duration:
The time the transition takes (e.g., 1s, 500ms).
- timing-function:
Defines the speed curve of the animation (e.g., ease, linear).
- delay
(optional): The delay before the transition starts (e.g., 0.5s).
Example:
css
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div {
transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out;
}
2.2 transition-duration
This property sets the time (in
seconds or milliseconds) for the transition to complete.
Syntax:
css
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transition-duration:
time;
Example:
css
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div {
transition-duration: 2s;
}
2.3 transition-timing-function
Defines the pace of the
transition effect. It controls how the intermediate values are calculated over
time.
Common Values:
- ease
(default): Starts slow, speeds up, then slows down.
- linear:
Moves at a constant speed.
- ease-in:
Starts slow and accelerates.
- ease-out:
Starts fast and decelerates.
- ease-in-out:
Combines ease-in and ease-out.
Example:
css
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div {
transition-timing-function: ease-in;
}
3.
Combining Transition Properties
You can combine multiple
transition properties using the transition shorthand.
Example:
css
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div {
transition: all 0.5s ease-in-out;
}
Here:
- all means
all animatable properties will transition.
- 0.5s
is the duration.
- ease-in-out
specifies the timing function.
4. Lab
Exercise: Create Hover Effects Using Transitions
Objective: Apply
transitions to create smooth hover effects.
Steps:
1. Create an
HTML file with a basic structure.
2. Style a
button with CSS.
3. Add
transitions for hover effects.
HTML Code:
html
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<!DOCTYPE
html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,
initial-scale=1.0">
<title>CSS Transitions</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<button class="hover-button">Hover
Me</button>
</div>
</body>
</html>
CSS Code:
css
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/*
General styles */
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
height: 100vh;
margin: 0;
background-color: #f0f0f0;
}
.container
{
text-align: center;
}
button.hover-button
{
background-color: #4CAF50;
color: white;
border: none;
padding: 15px 30px;
font-size: 18px;
border-radius: 5px;
cursor: pointer;
transition: background-color 0.5s ease,
transform 0.3s ease;
}
button.hover-button:hover
{
background-color: #45a049;
transform: scale(1.1);
}
Explanation:
1. Initial
Styles: The button has a green background, white text, and rounded corners.
2. Hover
Effect:
o
background-color changes smoothly to a lighter
green (#45a049).
o
transform: scale(1.1) makes the button slightly
larger on hover.
o
The transition property ensures these changes
happen over 0.5 seconds for background color and 0.3 seconds for scaling.
5.
Summary
- CSS
Transitions create smooth animations between property changes.
- Use transition-duration
to control how long the animation lasts.
- Apply
transition-timing-function to adjust the speed curve of the animation.
- Combine
multiple transitions for more dynamic effects.
Tip:
Practice creating hover effects for various elements like images, links, and
cards to enhance your web development skills!
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